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ation of donors, which will ensure prevention of hemo-contact infection of blood recipients with parvovirus В19.

The diagnostic efficacy of methods for hepatitis E serodiagnostic varies over a wide range; therefore, the combined use of tests of various formats is recommended. The aim of the research was to develop a test system for the detection of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in human serum by linear immunoassay (LIA).

Serum samples from patients with hepatitis and healthy individuals were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for the presence of IgG antibodies to viral agents causing hepatitis and other infections associated with liver pathology. Recombinant antigens ORF2 and ORF3 of HEV genotypes 1 and 3 were used. The “RecomLine HEV IgG/IgM” reagent kit (Mikrogen GmbH, Germany) was used as a comparison test system.

The first Russian diagnostic kit “Blot-HEV”, designed to detect IgG antibodies to individual HEV proteins in human serum using LIA, was developed. The antigenic base is represented by strips of a nitrocellulose membrane with immobilized recombinant antigens Oratory diagnosis of hepatitis E.RETRACTEDHerpes simplex viruses types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common viruses in the human population. The clinical manifestations of HSV infection vary widely, which necessitates reliable molecular methods for the timely diagnosis of herpes virus infection, as well as for detection of mutations in the genes responsible for drug resistance. PCR is often unable to detect HSV isolates with nucleotide substitutions at the primer binding site. Sanger sequencing of the whole genome reveals mutations mainly at the consensus level, which accumulate at advanced stages of viral infection. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, next generation sequencing) offers an obvious advantage both in early diagnosis of herpes virus infection and identification of HSV variants.

Measles remains an urgent problem in Russian healthcare. Despite the ongoing vaccination, thereis an increase in the incidence of measles. Prevention of measles is particularly important in high-risk groups,as well as among healthcare professionals to prevent hospital-acquired outbreaks of infection. The duration ofpost-vaccination immunity during the elimination of measles has not been sufficiently studied, so often people whohave had measles in childhood or have 1-2 vaccinations against the disease lose their protective antibodies withage in the absence of natural boosterization.Goals and objectives. To study the intensity of specific immunity to measles in employees of the maternity unit.

The study involved 271 employees of the maternity unit aged 21 to 93 years (262 serumsamples). The level of IgG antibodies (Ab) to the measles virus in the blood serum was studied by ELISA using a standard set of reagents for the quantitative determination of IgG by «VECTOR-BEST». The result was considered negative ifthe standard of the pre-vaccination screening for adults.

Medicines from the group of interferon inducers (IFNs) “swith on” the synthesis of type 1 interferons(IFN-I) and induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that regulate innate immunity reactions andprotect the host from infectious agents and the tumour pathology.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of the drug celagrip (CA) in the activation of innate immunity genesand the effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL).

to study the intensity of ROS production and the level of expression of the IFN-α2, IFN-λ1, ISG15, BCL2, P53(TP53) andUSP18 genes in response to the treatment of blood cells of patients with FL with the preparation of CA.

The study involved primary cancer patients diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL)and healthy volunteers. A kinetic analysis of the dynamics of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) wasperformed in whose blood cells, and the expression of the group of genes was determined by real-time PCents with FL.

One of the most urgent problem of modern medicine is the fight against the disease caused bythe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – HIV infection. The chemical compounds have improved the situationfor infected people, but they are toxic, disrupt the metabolism and cannot eliminate the integrated virus from thebody. The emergence of resistant HIV strains makes these treatments ineffective. Often, the death of HIV-infectedpeople occurs as a result of the development of opportunistic infections caused by viruses of the Herpesviridaefamily. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic and preventive drugs that are less toxic and active against severalviruses at the same time is relevant. Basidiomycetes, higher fungi, are a source of medicinal compounds that haveantimicrobial properties, as well as antiviral ones. Humic compounds (HS) of various nature also have antiviralactivity.The aim of the study was to obtain nontoxic compounds from the basidiomycete Inonotus obliquus and humiccompounds from brown coals and t. This allows us to consider the studied compounds as the basis for creating safe medicines that are effective against pathogens of various viral infections.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwidepandemic, triggered numerous questions about the epidemiology of the novel COVID-19 disease and about wellknown coronavirus infections, which used to be given little attention due to their mild symptoms.

The routine screening-based multiyear retrospective observational study of prevalence andcirculation patterns of epidemic-prone human coronaviruses in Moscow.

The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA of human coronaviruses(HCoVs) in nasal and throat swabs from 16,511 patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), aged 1 month to 95 years (children accounted for 58.3%) from January 2016 to March 2020, and swabs from 505 relatively healthy children in 2008, 2010 and 2011.Results. HCoVs were yearly found in 2.6-6.1% of the examined patients; the detection frequency was statisticallyhigher in adults than in children, regardless of sex. At the height of the disease incidence in December 2019,HC the years of observation, the HCoV epidemic activity reached maximum levels in December 2019-February 2020 and decreased in March to the multi-year average. Amid a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 cases imported to Moscow in March 2020, the HCoV detection frequency dropped sharply, which can be explained by the competition between different coronaviruses and by the specificity of HCoV detection with the diagnostic test kit used in this study.The increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria dictates the need for alternative solutions. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that kill their hosts during the lifecycle. The high specificity of phages makes the production of personalized cocktails the best option. Registration of drugs with variable composition lies beyond the current legal policies. In the present review, we studied the regulatory framework of the top 10 world economies from the point of personalized bacteriophages registration. click here We underlined procedures that countries can learn from each other.The possible formation of population gene pools of zoonotic viruses with a respiratory route of transmission and a possibility of a pandemic at different stages of biosphere evolution is analyzed. Forming of Poxviruses (Entomopoxvirinae) gene pool could be the beginning of transformation from Plants to Arthropoda (Carbon – 375 million years ago) with further evolution connected with Rodentia (Pliocene – 75-70 million years ago) and further separation of genera (500-300 thousand years ago), and respiratory transmission (epidemics) between humans (10-2 thousand years BC). Smallpox comeback would be possible. Orthomyxoviruses relicts (genus Isavirus) were possibly connected with Ichthya (Silurian – 500-410 million years ago), and then close interaction with Aves (the Cretaceous, 125-110 million years ago) with the division of genera and respiratory transmission (epidemics) between humans (10-2 thousand BC). Next pandemic of influenza A could be catastrophic in terms of the number of victims and economic damage.Coronaviruses formed a gene pool by interaction with Amphibia (subfamily Letovirinae) and then with Chiroptera in Tertiary (110-75 million years ago) with transformation to Artiodactyla (Eocene – 70-60 million years ago), and only 10-2 thousand years BC acquired the ability to a respiratory transmission and became Alphaviruses, a seasonal infection of humans. A similar situation is possible in the near future with SARS-CoV-2. Pandemics associated with zoonoses even more serious than COVID-19 are likely. Constant monitoring of populational gene pools of zoonotic viruses is necessary.

A performance-based financing (PBF) pilot project was implemented in 2011 in Burkina Faso. After more than five years of implementation (data collection in 2016), the project’s sustainability was not guaranteed. This study’s objective is to assess this project’s sustainability in 2016 by identifying the presence/absence of different determinants of sustainability according to the conceptual framework of Seppey

(2017).

It uses a case study approach using in-depth interviews with various actors at the local, district/regional and national levels. Participants (

=37) included health practitioners, management team members, implementers and senior members of health directions. A thematic analysis based on the conceptual framework was conducted, as well as an inductive analysis.

Results show the project’s sustainability level was weak according to an unequal presence of sustainability’s determinants; some activities are being maintained but not fully routinised. Discrepancies between the project and the crs in further assessing PBF projects elsewhere.Deforestation represents one of the greatest threats to tropical forest mammals, and the situation is greatly exacerbated by bushmeat hunting. To construct informed conservation plans, information must be gathered about responses to habitat degradation, regeneration, and hunting over a sufficiently long period to allow demographic responses. We quantified changes in the abundance of three commonly occurring ungulate species (i.e., bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus; red duiker, Cephalophus sp.; blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola) at eight sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda (old growth=3; logged=3; regenerating=2) for 23 years. Changes in abundance (363 surveys totaling 1 450 km) were considered in regard to the park’s management strategy, regional economic indicators, and estimates of illegal hunting. Bushbuck abundance increased in old-growth and logged forests from 1996 to 2009, and then oscillated around this level or declined. Duiker abundance demonstrated a similar pattern, but abundance in the old-growth forests showed a general increase from 1996 to present day. Duiker abundance in the logged forests exhibited an early increase, but subsequent oscillation. Poaching signs per patrol have remained stable over the last decade, despite increases in the size of the surrounding population, cost of living, and cost of schooling, thus reflecting successful efforts in conservation education and enforcement. Our study highlights the positive impact of park establishment, patrol, and conservation efforts on ungulate populations and shows the adaptability of forest mammal populations to different management schemes.