Activity

ituations will make important contributions to the self-assessment and performance improvement of public health training.In 2018, the government of China decided to develop Hainan Province as the country’s first free trade port operating within the country’s socialist system. Based on this strategy, Hainan reformed its medical laws and policies to make it freer and more open. For example, Hainan formulated policies for more rapid and convenient access of foreign medicine and sanitary equipment (MSE), allowed manufacturers to register MSE in China with real-world data (RWD), and provided legal and visa conveniences for international medical teams to carry out various activities, including diagnosis, treatment and scientific research. Hainan’s reforms are not only conducive to the improvement of local medical and public health levels, but also provide opportunities for international MSE manufacturers and medical research institutions swiftly to enter China’s huge medical market. However, with opportunity comes risk Hainan should be on guard against public health risks associated with medical tourism, and decide how to strike a reasonable balance between protecting local MSE enterprises and improving the accessibility of imported MSE through policies and legislation. Finally, the paper recommends that Hainan should improve the regulatory system as soon as possible to ensure the quality of diagnosis and treatment in its new hospitals, and deal with data and information security risks in the RWD research.Health-related data being collected by smartphones offer a promising complementary approach to in-clinic assessments. Despite recent contributions, the trade-off between privacy, optimization, stability and research-grade data quality is not well met by existing platforms. Here we introduce the JTrack platform as a secure, reliable and extendable open-source solution for remote monitoring in daily-life and digital-phenotyping. JTrack is an open-source (released under open-source Apache 2.0 licenses) platform for remote assessment of digital biomarkers (DB) in neurological, psychiatric and other indications. JTrack is developed and maintained to comply with security, privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements. A wide range of anonymized measurements from motion-sensors, social and physical activities and geolocation information can be collected in either active or passive modes by using JTrack Android-based smartphone application. JTrack also provides an online study management dashboard to monitor data collection across studies. To facilitate scaling, reproducibility, data management and sharing we integrated DataLad as a data management infrastructure. Smartphone-based Digital Biomarker data may provide valuable insight into daily-life behaviour in health and disease. As illustrated using sample data, JTrack provides as an easy and reliable open-source solution for collection of such information.Merci Mon Héros (MMH) is a youth-led multi-media campaign in Francophone West Africa seeking to improve reproductive health and family planning outcomes using radio, television, social media, and community events. One component to this project is the development of a series of youth-driven videos created to encourage both youth and adults to break taboos by talking to each other about reproductive health and family planning. A costing study was conducted to capture costs associated with the design, production, and dissemination of 11 MMH videos (in French) on social media in Côte d’Ivoire and Niger. The total costs to design, produce and disseminate 11 of the campaign videos for MMH in both Côte d’Ivoire and Niger were $44,981. Unit costs were calculated using three different denominators, resulting in average unit costs of $0.16 per reach, $1.29 per engagement, and $4.27 per video view. These findings can be useful for future studies of SBC interventions using social media for framing the analysis and selecting the appropriate metrics for the denominator, as well as for budgeting and planning SBC programs using social media.Objectives There is a need to determine the optimal limit of consecutive night shift work to reduce insomnia caused by the accumulation of sleep problems among night shift workers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia caused by consecutive night shifts and evaluate the night shift duration that worsens insomnia the most, using a large amount of medical examination data. Methods Night shift profiles and baseline demographics data of three hospitals were collected from January 2015 to December 2017. For subjects who had been examined more than once at the same institution, information corresponding to the most recent date was used. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled ORs were calculated by using the results of the three institutions. Results Of the 33,669 participants, 31.3% were female. The average age was 41.1 ± 11.1 years and the prevalence of insomnia was 38.7% (n = 13,025). After adjusting for potential confounders and compared to workers who reported not working in consecutive night shifts, odds of insomnia were greatest among workers reporting working three consecutive nights (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.97-3.56) followed by those working two nights (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.45-2.26), five nights (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.56-2.03), and four nights (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.55-1.82). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a significant relationship between consecutive night shift and insomnia with multicenter examination data, using common data model. This study could be a basis for establishing policies and guidelines that improve night shift workers’ health.Introduction China continues to rank among one of the countries with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. Migrants are a particularly at-risk subgroup for TB and pose a challenge for case management in contemporary China. The early diagnosis and treatment of patients with TB are pivotal for effective TB control. This study investigates the delay in the TB diagnosis of migrants as compared with residents, to provide an evidence base for improved case detection and the better management of migrant patients with TB. Materials and Methods The data was collected from the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) (2015-2019) in an eastern county of China. The total diagnostic delay, consisting of patient delay and health system delay, is defined as the interval between the onset of TB symptoms and the confirmation of TB diagnosis in the designated TB hospital. The comparison of the delay in the TB diagnosis between migrants and residents was conducted using a Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-to be diagnosed (P less then 0.05). Conclusions Diagnosis is significantly delayed among migrant patients with TB. Our study highlights the importance of early screening and diagnosis for TB especially among migrants, to improve access and ensure better management for all patients with TB.University students represent a highly active group in terms of their social activity in the community and in the propagation of information on social media. We aimed to map the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of University students in Cyprus about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to guide targeted future measures and information campaigns. We used a cross-sectional online survey targeting all students in conventional, not distance-learning, programs in five major universities in the Republic of Cyprus. Students were invited to participate through the respective Studies and Student Welfare Office of each institution. The survey was made available in English and Greek on REDCap. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire was developed based on a consensus to cover the main factual information directed by official channels toward the general public in Cyprus at the time of the survey. In addition to sociodemographic infocrease in knowledge. Postgraduate level education was predictive of better knowledge (odds ratio (OR) 1.81; 95% CI 1.34-2.46; p less then 0.001 among doctoral students] and positive attitude [OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.01-1.80; p = 0.04). Entinostat cell line In this study, we show that specific knowledge gaps and misconceptions exist among University students about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and their prevalence is associated with negative attitudes toward people with COVID-19. Our findings highlight the integrated nature of knowledge and attitude and suggest that improvements to the former could contribute to improvements in the latter.Introduction Understanding community members’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and the prevalence of associated stigma are critical steps for increasing accurate public health knowledge, encouraging uptake of preventative or mitigating health behaviors, and ultimately bringing the COVID-19 pandemic under control. Methods We conducted a one-time, phone-based assessment to assess the presence of perceived COVID-19 community stigma reported by Kenyan primary and secondary school teachers, as well as adolescents living with HIV. Participants were previously enrolled in an ongoing, cluster-randomized trial to evaluate the impact of multi-media teacher training on teachers’ negative attitudes and beliefs around HIV. The SAFI Stigma Questionnaire, a validated tool to assess HIV-related stigma in this setting, was adapted to ask questions regarding the stigma and discrimination experienced or perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results We enrolled 330 participants in this study, as COVID-19.Sweden’s use of soft response measures early in the COVID-19 pandemic received a good deal of international attention. Within Sweden, one of the most debated aspects of the pandemic response has been COVID-19 testing and the time it took to increase testing capacity. In this article, the development of and the debate surrounding COVID-19 testing in Sweden during 2020 is described in detail, with a particular focus on the coordination between national and regional actors in the decentralised healthcare system. A qualitative case study was carried out based on qualitative document analysis with a chronological presentation. To understand COVID-19 testing in Sweden, two aspects of its public administration model emerged as particularly important (i) the large and independent government agencies and (ii) self-governing regions and municipalities. In addition, the responsibility principle in Swedish crisis management was crucial. Overall, the results show that mass testing was a new area for coordination and invols and illustrates the discrepancy between the health service’s focus on the individual and the public health-oriented work carried out within communicable disease control.Background Several studies have assessed the impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns on sleep quality across global populations. However, no study to date has specifically assessed at-risk populations, particularly those at highest risk of complications from coronavirus infection deemed “clinically-extremely-vulnerable-(COVID-19CEV)” (as defined by Public Health England). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 5,558 adults aged ≥50 years (of whom 523 met criteria for COVID-19CEV) during the first pandemic wave that resulted in a nationwide-lockdown (April-June 2020) with assessments of sleep quality (an adapted sleep scale that captured multiple sleep indices before and during the lockdown), health/medical, lifestyle, psychosocial and socio-demographic factors. We examined associations between these variables and sleep quality; and explored interactions of COVID-19CEV status with significant predictors of poor sleep, to identify potential moderating factors. Results Thirty-seven percent of participants reported poor sleep quality which was associated with younger age, female sex and multimorbidity.