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Serum neuronal autoantibodies, such as those to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), are detectable in a subgroup of patients with psychotic disorders. It is not known if they are present before the onset of psychosis or whether they are associated with particular clinical features or outcomes. In a case-control study, sera from 254 subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and 116 healthy volunteers were tested for antibodies against multiple neuronal antigens implicated in CNS autoimmune disorders, using fixed and live cell-based assays (CBAs). Within the CHR group, the relationship between NMDAR antibodies and symptoms, cognitive function and clinical outcomes over 24 month follow-up was examined. CHR subjects were not more frequently seropositive for neuronal autoantibodies than controls (8.3% vs. 5.2%; OR = 1.50; 95% CI 0.58-3.90). The NMDAR was the most common target antigen and NMDAR IgGs were more sensitively detected with live versus fixed CBAs (p  less then  0.001). Preliminary phenotypic analyses rework supports further evaluation of NMDAR autoantibodies as a possible prognostic biomarker and aetiological factor in a subset of people already meeting CHR criteria.Growing evidence suggests that a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) occurs in bipolar disorder (BD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the possible differences in peripheral blood levels of KP metabolites between individuals with BD and healthy controls. We searched Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo electronic databases for articles indexed up to February 2020. We included any observational study comparing the peripheral blood levels of at least one KP metabolite between adults with BD and healthy controls. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Tacrine Heterogeneity between studies was estimated using the I2 index. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria and were included in our study. Meta-analyses showed that individuals with BD have lower peripheral blood levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.29), kynurenine (SMD = -0.28), kynurenic acid (SMD = -0.30), and xanthurenic acid (SMD = -0.55), along with lower kynurenic acid to kynurenine (SMD = -0.60) and kynurenic acid to quinolinic acid (SMD = -0.37) ratios, than healthy controls. Individuals with a manic episode showed the greatest reductions in tryptophan levels (SMD = -0.51), whereas kynurenic acid levels were more reduced among subjects in a depressive phase (SMD = -0.70). Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses confirmed our results. The findings of the present meta-analysis support the hypothesis of an abnormality of the KP in BD. Considering the partial inconsistency of the findings and the small-to-medium magnitude of the estimated effect sizes, additional research assessing possible mediators or confounders is needed.Mitochondria are playing key roles in setting the thermal limits of fish, but how these organelles participate in selection mechanisms during extreme thermal events associated with climate warming in natural populations is unclear. Here, we investigated the thermal effects on mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial gene expression in cardiac tissues of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected from an artificially heated ecosystem, the “Biotest enclosure”, and an adjacent reference area in the Baltic sea with normal temperatures (~ 23 °C and ~ 16 °C, respectively, at the time of capture in summer). Fish were sampled one month after a heat wave that caused the Biotest temperatures to peak at ~ 31.5 °C, causing significant mortality. When assayed at 23 °C, Biotest perch maintained high mitochondrial capacities, while reference perch displayed depressed mitochondrial functions relative to measurements at 16 °C. Moreover, mitochondrial gene expression of nd4 (mitochondrial subunit of complex I) was higher in Biotest fish, likely explaining the increased respiration rates observed in this population. Nonetheless, cardiac tissue from Biotest perch displayed higher levels of oxidative damage, which may have resulted from their chronically warm habitat, as well as the extreme temperatures encountered during the preceding summer heat wave. We conclude that eurythermal fish such as perch are able to adjust and maintain mitochondrial capacities of highly aerobic organs such as the heart when exposed to a warming environment as predicted with climate change. However, this might come at the expense of exacerbated oxidative stress, potentially threatening performance in nature.We performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome from purple (Pr) and normal cultivated varieties (CK) of Dendrobium officinale to gain insights into the regulatory networks associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism and to identify the key regulatory genes of pigmentation. Metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing. Pr had more flavonoids in the stem than did CK. Metabolome analyses showed that 148 differential metabolites are involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, amino acids, purines, and organic acids. Among them, the delphinidin and quercetin derivatives were significantly higher in Pr. A total of 4927 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched (p ≤ 0.01) in 50 Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed significantly enriched phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction in Pr versus CK. The expression levels of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) affected the flux of dihydroflavonol, which led to a color change in Pr. Moreover, DEG enrichment and metabolite analyses reflected flavonoid accumulation in Pr related to brassinosteroid (BR) and auxin metabolism. The results of this study elucidate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in D. officinale.