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s possible to state that VR simulators are just as effective as cadavers in means of training subjects. As medical education will face a total change all around the world after the COVID-19 pandemic, this study has the potential to be an important guide during and after this period.

To investigate the changes in the spleen size, parenchymal heterogeneity, and computed tomography (CT) texture analysis features of patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

The size and parenchymal structure of the spleen in 91 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination due to COVID-19 were evaluated. For the evaluation of parenchymal heterogeneity, CT texture analysis was performed using dedicated software (Olea Medical, France). The texture analysis of each case consisted of 15 first-order intensity-based features, 17 gray level co- occurrence matrix-based features, and 9 gray level run length matrix-based features.

A total of 91 patients (45 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 54.31 ± 16.33 years (range 18–81) were included in the study. A statistically significant decrease in spleen size was seen in the follow-up CT examinations (p < 0.001) whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the Hounsfield unit (HU) values. The radiomics consisted of first-oement, and the spleen may be one of its target organs. A decrease in the spleen size and parenchymal microstructure changes can be observed in the short follow-up time. It is hoped that the changes in the parenchymal microstructure will be demonstrated by a noninvasive method texture analysis.

Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation are proposed as effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). 1,25(OH)2D3 was proposed to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiglycation properties. In this study, the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on oxidative stress parameters and AGEs levels together with hepatic histopathology was investigated in high fructose (HFr) or ethanol (EtOH)-treated rats.

Rats were treated with fructose (30%) or ethanol (5-20%) in drinking water with and without 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment (5 μg/kg two times a week) for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress parameters, AGEs, triglyceride (TG), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels together with histopathology were investigated in the liver.

1,25(OH)2D3 decreased hepatic reactive oxygen species, lipid and protein oxidation products together with histopathological improvements in HFr- and EtOH-treated rats. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was observed to decrease significantly serum and hepatic AGEs in HFr group, and hepatic AGEs in EtOH group.

Our results clearly show that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment may be useful in the alleviation of hepatic lesions by decreasing glycooxidant stress in both NAFLD and ALD models created by HFr- and EtOH-treated rats, respectively.

Our results clearly show that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment may be useful in the alleviation of hepatic lesions by decreasing glycooxidant stress in both NAFLD and ALD models created by HFr- and EtOH-treated rats, respectively.

Advanced chronic periodontitis is observed rarely in acromegaly. Periodontal tissue including the alveolar bone is seemed to be spared from the systemic metabolic derangements of bone in this patient population. Chronic elevation of growth hormone, IGF-1, and bone morphogenetic proteins may play a role in periodontal tissue regeneration in acromegalics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential roles of local gingival bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) in periodontal tissue pathology in acromegaly.

Thirty-five patients with acromegaly and 22 healthy subjects were recruited. Bemnifosbuvir molecular weight All the participants were examined by the same periodontologist for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. BMP-2 and -4 were studied in gingival crevicular fluid.

Gingival BMP-2 and BMP-4 levels were similar in acromegaly and control groups in general, with and without chronic periodontitis. For all the participants, gingival BMP-2 levels were statistically lower in those participants with chronic periodontitis then those withntitis in these patients.

The aim of the study was to carry out the cultural adaptation and translation of the ICU mobility scale (IMS) into Turkish and research the psychometric properties.

This study was based on methodological design. The IMS was translated from English to the Turkish through a regularised translation process. Two physiotherapists assessed patients independently in the coronary intensive care unit. The measures such as construct validity, intra and interrater reliability, and internal consistency of the IMS Turkish version were assessed.

A total of 70 intensive care patients were included in the study. The intrarater and interrater reliability of the IMS was excellent. The weighted Kappa value was 0.92 (0.87–0.96) for the intrarater reliability, and 0.87 (0.80–0.93) for the interrater reliability. There were significant correlations between the IMS and functional status score for the intensive care unit (r = 0.83), Perme intensive care unit mobility score (r = 0.84), Katz activities of daily living (r = 0.73), handgrip strength (r = 0.62), knee extension strength (r = 0.46), and age (r = –0.44).

This study suggests that the IMS Turkish version is a reliable and valid scale for assessing functional status and mobility level in ICU patients.

This study suggests that the IMS Turkish version is a reliable and valid scale for assessing functional status and mobility level in ICU patients.The distribution of cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 entry factor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in human oral tissues were tested. The investigation was conducted with normal flesh tissue and paraffin-embedded specimens. The ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was detected with all subjects in the normal mucosa of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the tongue and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the lip and cheek. It was found that ACE2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum of the epithelia while the TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum, but not in the stratum basale. Antibodies’ reactions for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were not observed in the nuclei or keratin layer. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral epithelia appears to be general, and the expression was also observed in the mucous and serous acini of the labial glands. The SARS-CoV-2 may transiently attach to the oral mucosa and the minor salivary glands which are present under all of the oral mucosa. The oral cavity can be considered an important organ for SARS-CoV-2 attachment and may provide a preventive medical avenue to guard against COVID-19 by preventing saliva from scattering.In the present study structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of tri-component biomaterial (consisting of chitosan, β-1,3-glucan and hydroxyapatite) seeded with mesenchymal stem cells were investigated with the use of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study we use non-conventional approach of DRIFT spectroscopy for investigating biomaterial changes under simulated physiological conditions. Particular cell-induced changes were intended to be properly evaluated with analytical methods. Abovementioned techniques allowed to precisely assess the changes on the surface of the biomaterial caused by two kinds of stem cells (ADSCs – Adipose tissue-Derived Stem Cells and BMDSCs – Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells) cultured directly on the surface of bioceramic-based biomaterial. The bioactivity and biocompatibility of designed bone biomaterial were demonstrated and hence it seems to be a promising scaffold used in tissue engineering. Designed chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, and hydroxyapatite biomaterial was proven to be non-toxic, surgically handy with cellular compatibility. The obtained results are interesting and promising in terms of spectroscopic methods suitability for qualitative assessment of material-cell interactions.A ratiometric fluorescence assay for alendronate (ALDS) has been designed with Ce4+-triggered cascade chromogenic reaction. This strategy involves three processes (1) Ce4+ oxidizes ascorbic acid (AA) into dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which then condenses with o-phenlenediamine (OPD) to generate fluorescent 3-(dihydroxyethyl)furo[3,4-b] quinoxaline-1-one (DFQ), presenting the maximum emission at 434 nm; (2) As oxidase-mimics, Ce4+ can oxidize OPD into fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) which shows a strong emission at 568 nm; (3) ALDS inhibits the oxidation ability of Ce4+ towards OPD, thus inhibiting the generation of DAP. Accordingly, a homogeneous ratiometric fluorescence system with dual emission comes into being and the presence of ALDS can change the fluorescence intensity ratio obviously. With F434/F568 as readout, ALDS can be detected sensitively with the detection limit of 30 nM. Moreover, this ratiometric method was used to analyze ALDS in both human serum and pharmaceutical samples.Graphene has been extensive studied in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, single-crystal and polycrystalline graphenes are prepared by mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively. The photocatalytic properties of polycrystalline graphene are carefully assessed by using 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT), as a probe molecule, under incident 532 nm laser beam. Similarly, the photocatalytic properties of single-crystal graphene are also investigated with 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) under incident 633 nm laser radiation. In order to solve the problem of uneven distribution of probe molecules on graphene, the internal standard method is adopted by using 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT), as the internal standard molecule. The experimental findings indicate that PATP can be catalyzed onto the surface of single-crystal graphene under the irradiation of 633 nm laser beam and its catalytic properties significantly increase with decreasing the number of graphene layers. In addition, when single-crystal graphene is used as the Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement substrate, the SERS enhancement was also increased with the decrease of the number of layers.A series of Ca5.93-m-x-2ySrmBa(PO4)4OxEu2+,yCe3+,yLi+ (0 ≤ m ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.05) phosphors were designed via solid-state reaction method, and the photoluminescence properties were studied for application in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). When a small amount of Sr2+ was introduced into the initial Ca6Ba(PO4)4O host, the solid solution was formed, which was verified by the XRD technique. The Eu2+ in the host shows intense yellow emitting light, which can be largely enhanced by incorporating Sr2+ in the host. When the Ce3+ was doped into the host, blue emission was received under 380 nm excitation, and the optimal Ce3+ concentration is for y = 0.04. Very efficient energy transfer (ET) from Ce3+ to Eu2+ appeared in the Ce3+-Eu2+ codoped samples, and the yellow emission of Eu2+ can be further enhanced by this ET. The thermal-quenching luminescence of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by the temperature-dependent emission spectra, which indicated that the introduction of Sr2+ can improve the thermally luminescence stability of Eu2+.